Aminet 6/Aminet 6 - June 1995.iso/Aminet/docs/misc/wfbook93_texi.lha/texi/251.data

Text File | 1995-03-27 | 9.7 KB | 361 lines

@node Geography (Uzbekistan)
@section Geography (Uzbekistan)

@display

Location:
  Central Asia, bordering the Aral Sea, between Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan
Map references:
  Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States, Standard
  Time Zones of the World
Area:
 total area:
  447,400 km2
 land area:
  425,400 km2
 comparative area:
  slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
  total 6,221 km, Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099
  km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Coastline:
  0 km
 note:
  Uzbekistan does border the Aral Sea (420 km)
Maritime claims:
  none; landlocked
International disputes:
  none
Climate:
  mostly mid latitude desert; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain:
  mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; Fergana Valley in east
  surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in
  west
Natural resources:
  natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc,
  tungsten, molybdenum
Land use:
 arable land:
  10%
 permanent crops:
  0%
 meadows and pastures:
  47%
 forest and woodland:
  0%
 other:
  43%
Irrigated land:
  41,550 km2 (1990)
Environment:
  drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical
  pesticides and natural salts
Note:
  landlocked



@end display

@node People (Uzbekistan)
@section People (Uzbekistan)

@display

Population:
  22,127,946 (July 1993 est.)
Population growth rate:
  2.17% (1993 est.)
Birth rate:
  30.57 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Death rate:
  6.63 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Net migration rate:
  -2.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
  54.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
 total population:
  68.36 years  male:
  65.05 years
 female:
  71.84 years (1993 est.)
Total fertility rate:
  3.78 children born/woman (1993 est.)
Nationality:
 noun:
  Uzbek(s)
 adjective:
  Uzbek
Ethnic divisions:
  Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazakhs 4.1%, Tartars 2.4% (includes
  70% of Crimean Tatars deported during World War II), Karakalpaks 2.1%, other
  7%
Religions:
  Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Languages:
  Uzbek 85%, Russian 5%, other 10%
Literacy:
  age 9-49 can read and write (1970)
 total population:
  100%
 male:
  100%
 female:
  100%
Labor force:
  7.941 million
 by occupation:
  agriculture and forestry 39%, industry and construction 24%, other 37%
  (1990)



@end display

@node Government (Uzbekistan)
@section Government (Uzbekistan)

@display

Names:
 conventional long form:
  Republic of Uzbekistan
 conventional short form:
  Uzbekistan
 local long form:
  Uzbekiston Respublikasi
 local short form:
  none
 former:
  Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
  UZ
Type:
  republic
Capital:
  Tashkent (Toshkent)
Administrative divisions:
  12 oblasts (oblastey, singular - oblast') and 1 autonomous republic*,   (avtomnaya respublika);
Andizhan, Bukhara, Dzhizak, Fergana, Karakalpakstan*,   (Nukus), Kashkadar'ya (Karshi), Khorezm
(Urgench), Namangan, Navoi,
  Samarkand, Surkhandar'ya (Termez), Syrdar'ya (Gulistan), Tashkent
 note:
  an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center
  (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence:
  31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Constitution:
  new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Legal system:
  evolution of Soviet civil law
National holiday:
  Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Political parties and leaders:
  People's Democratic Party (PDP; formerly Communist Party), Islam A. KARIMOV,
  chairman; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party (EDP), Muhammad SOLIKH, chairman
Other political or pressure groups:
  Birlik (Unity) People's Movement (BPM), Abdul Rakhman PULATOV, chairman;
  Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP), Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman
Suffrage:
  18 years of age; universal
Elections:
 President:
  last held 29 December 1991 (next to be held NA December 1996); results -
  Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad SOLIKH 12%, other 2%
 Supreme Soviet:
  last held 18 February 1990 (next to be held NA); results - percent of vote
  by party NA; seats - (500 total) Communist 450, ERK 10, other 40; note -
  total number of seats will be reduced to 150 in next election
Executive branch:
  president, prime minister, cabinet
Legislative branch:
  unicameral Supreme Soviet
Judicial branch:
  Supreme Court
Leaders:
 Chief of State:
  President Islam KARIMOV (since NA March 1990)



@end display

@node Government (Uzbekistan 2. usage)
@section Government (Uzbekistan 2. usage)

@display

 Head of Government:
  Prime Minister Abdulkhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992), First Deputy
  Prime Minister Ismail Hakimovitch DJURABEKOV (since NA); Supreme Soviet
  Chairman Shavkat Muhitdinovitch YULDASHEV (since NA June 1991)
Member of:
  CIS, CSCE, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, IDA, IMF, NACC, UN, UNCTAD, WHO
Diplomatic representation in US:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Muhammed Babir MALIKOV
 chancery:
  200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20006
 telephone:   [phone]
 FAX:
  [phone]
US diplomatic representation:
 chief of mission:
  Ambassador Henry L. CLARKE
 embassy:
  55 Chelanzanskaya, Tashkent
 mailing address:
  APO AE 09862
 telephone:
  [7] [phone]
Flag:
  three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by
  red fimbriations with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side
  quadrant



@end display

@node Economy (Uzbekistan)
@section Economy (Uzbekistan)

@display

Overview:
  Although Uzbekistan accounted for only 3.4% of total Soviet output, it
  produced two-thirds of the USSR's cotton and ranks as the fourth largest
  global producer. Moscow's push for ever-increasing amounts of cotton had
  included massive irrigation projects which caused extensive environmental
  damage to the Aral Sea and rivers of the republic. Furthermore, the lavish
  use of chemical fertilizers has caused extensive pollution and widespread
  health problems. Recently the republic has sought to encourage food
  production at the expense of cotton. The small industrial sector specializes
  in such items as agricultural machinery, mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil,
  and bridge cranes. Uzbekistan also has some important natural resources
  including gold (about 30% of former Soviet production), uranium, and natural
  gas. The Uzbek Government has encouraged some land reform but has shied away
  from other aspects of economic reform. Output and living standards continued
  to fall in 1992 largely because of the cumulative impact of disruptions in
  supply that have followed the dismemberment of the USSR.
National product:
  GDP $NA
National product real growth rate:
  -10% (1992)
National product per capita:
  $NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
  at least 17% per month (first quarter 1993)
Unemployment rate:
  0.1% includes only officially registered unemployed; there are also large
  numbers of underemployed workers
Budget:
  revenues $NA; expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
  $900 million to outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
 commodities:
  cotton, gold, textiles, chemical and mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil
 partners:
  Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe
Imports:
  $900 million from outside the successor states of the former USSR (1992)
 commodities:
  machinery and parts, consumer durables, grain, other foods
 partners:
  principally other former Soviet republics
External debt:
  $2 billion (end 1991 est.)
Industrial production:
  growth rate -6%
Electricity:
  11,950,000 kW capacity; 50,900 million kWh produced, 2,300 kWh per capita
  (1992)
Industries:
  chemical and mineral fertilizers, vegetable oil, textiles
Agriculture:
  cotton, with much smaller production of grain, fruits, vegetables, and
  livestock
Illicit drugs:
  illicit producers of cannabis and opium; mostly for CIS consumption; limited
  government eradication programs; used as transshipment points for illicit
  drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
  $950 million official aid commitments by foreign donors (1992)



@end display

@node Economy (Uzbekistan 2. usage)
@section Economy (Uzbekistan 2. usage)

@display

Currency:
  retaining Russian ruble as currency (January 1993)
Exchange rates:
  rubles per US$1 - 415 (24 December 1992) but subject to wide fluctuations
Fiscal year:
  calendar year



@end display

@node Communications (Uzbekistan)
@section Communications (Uzbekistan)

@display

Railroads:
  3,460 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
  78,400 km total; 67,000 km hard-surfaced, 11,400 km earth (1990)
Pipelines:
  crude oil 250 km, petroleum products 40 km, natural gas 810 km (1992)
Ports:
  none; landlocked
Airports:
 totol:
  265
 useable:
  74
 with permanent-surface runways:
  30
 with runways over 3,659 m:   2
 with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
  20
 with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
  19
Telecommunications:
  poorly developed; NMT-450 analog cellular network established in Tashkent;
  1.4 million telephone lines with 7.2 lines per 100 persons (1992); linked by
  landline or microwave with CIS member states and by leased connection via
  the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries; satellite earth
  stations - Orbita and INTELSAT (TV receive only); new intelsat earth station
  provides TV receive only capability for Turkish broadcasts; new satellite
  ground station also installed in Tashkent for direct linkage to Tokyo.



@end display

@node Defense Forces (Uzbekistan)
@section Defense Forces (Uzbekistan)

@display

Branches:
  Army, National Guard, Republic Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Manpower availability:
  males age 15-49 5,214,075; fit for military service 4,272,398; reach
  military age (18) annually 218,916 (1993 est.)
Defense expenditures:
  exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP



@end display